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The recommended cleaning solution for muzzleloaders is water-based solutions such as soapy water because they effectively dissolve black powder residues and other fouling materials that can accumulate in the barrel and ignition system. Muzzleloaders are often used with black powder or substitutes, which tend to leave behind corrosive residues that can lead to rust and decreased accuracy if not properly cleaned.

Soapy water is particularly effective because the soap helps to emulsify the residues, making them easier to remove when cleaning with a patch or brush. Additionally, using a water-based solution is less harmful to the environment compared to some petroleum-based solvents or chemical cleaners, making it a safer choice for both the individual and the surroundings.

Other cleaning solutions, like petroleum-based solvents, may not be as effective in dissolving black powder residues, and while alcohol-based cleaners can be useful in certain situations, they should not be the primary choice for cleaning muzzleloaders. The bleach and water mixture is not recommended due to potential damage it can cause to metal components and wood stocks, as bleach is a strong chemical that can lead to corrosion and deterioration.